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Aluminum Casting Technical Analysis

Aluminum¡¯s low density, high plasticity, with excellent electrical and thermal properties, the surface of dense oxide film protection, good corrosion resistance. Aluminum in the crust of the large reserves, according to statistics, the crust of iron 4.7% (mass fraction), aluminum accounted for 7.5%. At present non-ferrous metals aluminum has become the largest volume of metal produced.
Cast aluminum alloy is based on pure aluminum by adding other metals or non-metallic element, not only to maintain the basic properties of pure aluminum, and because the role of alloying and heat treatment, so that aluminum has a good overall performance. Aluminum and aluminum alloy in industry occupies an important position, is used extensively for military, industrial, agricultural and transportation fields, but also widely used as structural materials, household appliances and sporting goods such as life.
Si in these alloys is the main alloying elements, Si alloys to improve mobility, reduce the hot tearing tendency to reduce the loose, improve air tightness. Such alloys have good corrosion resistance and medium-machining performance, with moderate strength and hardness, but the ductility was lower. According to the number of alloys in the Si content in the alloys can be divided into eutectic Al-Si alloy (ZL102, YL102, ZL108, YL108 and ZL109), hypereutectic Al-Si alloy (ZL1l7 and YL1l7) and sub-eutectic Al-Si alloy ( The remaining alloy).
ZLI02 is a typical binary eutectic Al-Si alloy, the alloy Si mass fraction of 10% -13%, the alloy has excellent casting properties, but the mechanical properties and cutting performance is poor. In order to improve the ZL102 alloy at room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties, adding a certain amount of Mg, Cu and Mn, as ZL108 alloy, so that thermal expansion coefficient is small, the wear resistance increased. ZL109 Al-Si alloy is also eutectic, as compared with the ZL108 alloy reduces the Cu content increased Mg content, and with Ni instead of Mn, alloy has better heat resistance. ZL108 and ZL109 alloy widely used as an internal combustion engine piston. YL102 and YL108 mainly used for die-casting alloys.
Hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy is Al-Si-Mg alloy system has ZL101, ZL101 A, ZL104, YL104, ZL114A, ZLl15 and ZL1l6. The composition of these alloys the main difference is: ZL104 alloy joined Mn, ZL115 alloy joined the Zn, and his, ZL1l6 alloys joined the Ti, Be, ZL101A and ZL114A alloy is refined high-purity aluminum material to reduce the impurity content . Such alloys have good casting properties, moderate mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance, widely used in industry. Belonging to Al-Si-Cu alloy system has ZL105, ZL105A, ZL106, ZL11O, ZL111, ZL107, YL112 and YL113. The first five alloys containing Mg, after three alloy without Mg, but high concentrations of Cu. In addition, in ZLI06 and ZL111 alloy also added a small amount of Mn and Cu alloys TicZL110 high content, Mg content is low. Al-Si-Cu alloys have good casting properties, moderate mechanical properties, corrosion resistance with the Al-Si-Mg alloys compared to poor, YL112 and YL113 alloy is mainly used for die-casting alloys, other alloys used in sand casting , metal type casting and precision casting and so on.
Hypereutectic Al-Si alloys in the Si mass fraction generally exceed 15%. The United States, 390.0 alloy, Germany, and China¡¯s KS281 alloy YL117 alloy Si mass fraction of around 18%; China ZL117 alloy, the German KS280 alloy Si mass fraction of about 21%; the German KS282 alloys Si mass fraction of 24% or so. Such alloys with the Si content increases, the density decreases, lower coefficient of thermal expansion, hardness, wear resistance and a corresponding increase in volume stability, mainly for the piston material, its main drawback is difficult to machining, the tool¡¯s demanding.